Integrated Bioenergy Hybrids – Flexible renewable energy solutions

This Task 41 Project 7 report examines integrated bioenergy hybrids, which are energy conversion processes that have at least two energy inputs, one of which is bioenergy. The term RES (renewable energy source) hybrid can also be used, if all energy inputs are from renewable sources. The report finds that, in general, bioenergy technologies allow fairly wide operational windows and steep ramping gradients, which provide good starting points for integration with variable energy sources, although some additional costs can also be expected as a result of flexible operation.