Bioenergy retrofitting
Bioenergy retrofitting means the integration of bioenergy and biofuels in existing industrial installations. The retrofit can be the installation and operation of new equipment next to or added on to an existing installation, or the repurposing of existing equipment. It is an alternative to building an entire new industrial facility. Retrofitting enables a replacement of fossil fuels, an implementation of best available biomass technologies, or the production of a new biofuel/bioenergy product. Depending on the retrofit, either the feedstock or the product is changed. The investment costs for a retrofit typically are lower than for building a new facility. Additionally, a retrofit is less time consuming, due to a fast implementation, and causes less production losses. This results in ecological and economic benefits and overall risk reduction.
Bioenergy retrofitting options are numerous - examples are shown in the table below. Follow the links to find further information and illustrations.
|
Industry |
Change |
Retrofit |
|
Feedstock |
Integration of solid fuel (co-firing) Burning of liquid fuels (conversion) Burning of gaseous fuels (conversion) |
|
|
|
Feedstock |
Inclusion of waste streams as feedstock Biomethane and H2 integration in natural gas Cellulosic ethanol add-on Multi-feedstock biodiesel add-on Biomass for process energy |
|
Product |
Biogas production HVO for aviation Alcohols for aviation Electrofuels (biological and synthesis) Glycerol reforming to methanol |
|
|
Feedstock |
Use of biomass or biomethane in lime kiln or bark gasification Biomass CHP integration Anaerobic digestion of sludge |
|
|
Product |
Tall oil biodiesel Black and brown liquor ethanol Methanol from pulp mills Black liquor gasification to DME Lignin extraction from black liquor Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin Hydrothermal carbonisation of pulp and paper slurry |
|
|
Feedstock |
HVO integration Pyrolysis oil integration Bio-oil integration |
|
|
Product |
Naphta and LPG (biogenic or biogenic compounds) Integrated bio-hydrogen production Cracking integration |